Pyelonephritis is an infection in the upper urinary tract (kidneys) and occurs in 1% of pregnant women. A patient with pyelonephritis in pregnancy may present with symptoms of burning with urination, urinary frequency, back pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills or uterine contractions. Pyelonephritis can lead to significant problems in the patient and the fetus, including preterm labor. This is why it is important to routinely screen the urine for bacteria during pregnancy even when there are no symptoms. Treatment of asymptomatic bacteruria can reduce the risk of urinary infections like pyelonephritis by 70%.
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